Development Strategies in Medical Education

Introduction
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the cornerstone of emergency due to its vital role in saving life during cardiac emergencies. One of its primary functions is to provide immediate life-saving intervention, maintaining circulation and oxygenation to prevent irreversible damage to vital organs. Medical students contribute to the advancement of CPR education and play an essential role in spreading life-saving knowledge to the community. The results of studies show that in-service CPR training is effective. In recent studies, new training methods, especially the use of virtual reality (VR), have shown promising results in increasing the quality and effectiveness of CPR training. This study aims to assess the effect of new teaching methods for CPR on the skills and knowledge of medical students.

Methods
This is a narrative review study. A systematic search was done in national databases (SID, MagIran, Irandoc, and ISC) and international databases (PubMed and Scopus) was conducted using keywords such as “CPR training methods”, “medical students” and “effectiveness” in Persian and “Educational techniques”, “Training methods”, “Cardiopulmonary resuscitation”, “Knowledge”, “skills”, “medical students” in English to identify relevant studies published in the past five years using AND/OR Boolean operators.

Results
Simulation-Based Training (SBT)
The SBT is as a key method in improving the CPR skills of medical students. This novel method by emphasizing the use of simulators, can increase the CPR skills of medical and nursing students. A comprehensive study reported significant improvements achieved through SBT and suggested that this method is effective in improving the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of postgraduate medical students [16]. On the other hand, the SBT method significantly increases the skill and performance of nursing students in basic life support (BLS) and CPR. Moreover, there is evidence that the SBT method had a positive effect on the knowledge and clinical skills of nurses in CPR training [17].

Modified team-based training (MTBL)
It is an educational approach that adapts the traditional method of team-based learning (TBL) to specific fields or subjects. In the field of CPR training, MTBL includes modifications to the standard TBL approach to increase its effectiveness. MTBL emphasizes cooperative and interactive learning, often involving simulations and team-based scenarios, making it a valuable tool in healthcare education [24, 25].

Innovative methods 
Innovative methods of CPR training can significantly affect the skill and knowledge of medical students. A study comparing two methods of CPR training showed that the student-centered approach is more effective than traditional methods and requires less resources and provides better results [31]. Online learning has also proven to be effective, showing that students can accurately apply BLS procedures during CPR through online platforms [32]. In a systematic review study, the digital CPR training increases knowledge and skills and emphasizes the effectiveness of incorporating technology into CPR training [33].

Conclusion
Evidence supports the idea that the VR method has the potential to transform CRP education by providing a more immersive and impactful learning experience. In addition, the success of other innovative methods, including medical VR simulation and flipped learning, further reinforces the importance of developing educational strategies for CRP. These methods not only enhance CPR skills, but also help maintain knowledge and long-term self-efficacy. As technology continues to play a central role in medical education, embracing these innovative methods promises to create a future where CPR training is more accessible, engaging, and ultimately lifesaving.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This article is the result of a review study and did not have any human or animal samples. Ethical issues such as avoiding plagiarism, ensuring robustness in collecting relevant data, and publishing rights were considered.

Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors' contributions
The authors contributed equally to preparing this paper.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.


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